Hand loom



Feb. 24, 1942. IM, o, GALUNGER I 2,274,326

7 f7 fia. 2.

Y INVENTOR: m faw WMM/M ATTORNEY type having a of construction`beingvframe structurelof the loomin:

`frame structure comprises a .rear

Patented Pelo.A 24, 1942 PAT-.Eur*OFFICE HANDLOOMV Y originalappucatmmfMay 12;4 isi-asf seria-1 No'.

f 207,690.; Divided'and Thisfinvention` relates tof improvements inf.looms andv'particularly `looms of the hand-0p.` eratedutype, thepresent.y 'pplicationf being a.. division. otfgmy. earlier lapplicationi Serial No. 207,690,1iledMay 13 .1938.9 y, i l

A major objectv of the invention is totprovidex a r,hand-operated. loomof warpwis Wound aroundy the. rectangular frame of the `loom and inwhich theframe structure is adjustable in length and has ani improved`construction facilitating both assembly of the .structure and operationof the loom in weaving.

n Other objects of ythe invention more or-less incidental orancillaryito the foregoingwillappear as the descriptionproceeds.

With-` the noted objects in View the inventionf consistsinvariousfeatures of construction, ar-

the .type in which the,`

rangements. and combinations of parts which will be `pointed vouta-ndexplained with. reference tol.

a loom of. preferred form: shown in 'the accom-- panying drawing. I t Inthe drawing, I

Fig.1 is a plan view of: the' main parts of a loom ,embodying myimprovements.

FigrZ I,is .a vertical section on the rline of Fig: 1.

Fig.v 3 is a verticalsectionon the line 3--3 1 of Fig. A1. l

Fig. 4 isa verticalxsectionyxon the lined-4f` of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 isa front'elevation of` the'combined beaterffand"y combfof. theloom, the .device beingpartially removed an-d a portion of the structurebeing broken away to disclose details of the construction.

Fig. v6 is a fragmentaryY perspective view showing oneof the heddlecord" for raising certainof `the'warp threadsto4 make the shed in theweaving operation.

The hand loom shownv in the drawing `is of y'the thewarp threadiscontinuously wound; the 1ro' the` top bar of 1 bars and the loopedheddle gaging-.ftongues VIafpart supported in a slotted barthisappli'cation April 12,5

sidelvbars Sgt Ii rigidly connected =tof theabeam'f :5.5 i by Ascrews.'1,1'Ly Thei-side bars-6,-61are slida'bly.;y engagedby-thesidebars 3,\3and thetWo pairs of: bars: are. formed, respectively, withmutuallyen.vand-'grooves `.3% and. said bars arer disengageably clamped .in adjustedposition.

- in. frelation to eachl other byV a .stru1,..orispacing.'`

bart` and .tensionlrod 9. The strut SwextendsA4 across the frame .-Iwith .its .ends engaging :the: slottedl lengthwise.,y (Fig. 2) .toreceive rod.9..: Said rod extends through.,J a zslotl ineach bar. 3. andthrough.. transvere holes in 'bars-6,f.6... The threadedlends ofrod 9ares ttedwith 4wing nuts. Gr.53@ which can. .readily be I @manipulatedto loosen the.;tension .rod and per-w mit adjustment of. the length ofthe. rectangular frameiormed.r by thebeams 2,5 and side bars 3,6@vendwise m'ovemenI-,zofabars .3, .3 relativefto Irod: 9 being, permittedbythe elongated slots 3D,` 3D1 Aslthe'framel inthe operation of theloom,y

y"is-designed to rest...uppn a table orthelikeA itisy ttedeiwth feet.I0, I0; and, II, II. Theieety ID,1I.IIJ are secured by screws Ilia,II)av to beam. vZ f and ..the.ieet': II, II ,byxscrewsdl IIb to@ side ITo facilitate. the equal vlengthwise adjustment oftheVA two sides-.ofvframe vI, I form, asfwith a suitable` stamping or *printing xdie, ameasuring scale :3cvon each of the bars 3, said scales being arranged asshown in Fig. 1 so that their graduar, tions ,comeadjacent the rearends' ofy theframe:L bars 6,;6. In addition each side of-frame rI isttedwith athreaded rod I2 which is fiixedly seV cured at itsreariend tofoot Illl and has its-front I3 secured-byscrewsIlI; I4 tottheundersideofbar GNFigs. 2 and` 4). A wing nutfll is mountedronveach.

. rodIZ torbear against the reary end of ybari I3.L

. '40.11 rectangular framearound which tatable warp and cloth beams ofthe older formsl tached-to-therearbeam as by. screws,;4,.4',"ra: vfrontA'ori cloth Joeam'- 5, anda rearwardlyextendmg;

replaced byvrigidly xed verse: scale bar same length, whereupon the;wing nuts vIla lthe, sides of.

andfby-use 4ofthewing nutsit is easyA toadjust thetwos sides of thertrame' I accurately to the.l

by tightening one -ofr frame .I arey tightlyjA I clamped inadjustedposition. To yfacilitatelweavingLoperations, asflater eX-plained, the frame I is provided/withl a trans- IBat itsfront end andwitha similar bar I'I at its/rear end. These bars are graduated inVinches'with zero in the center of the frame and read from. zero 'upwardboth to the left and the right, asishown in Fig. l.

The frame structure of the'loom furtherr com. prises two heddlebarstandards I8, I8,one ofwhich is rigidly mounted on top of the `rearend :of eachzof fthe. Isidexbarss-Ii, 6, the.. standards 556beingsecuredlixto'athe sidel'zbarsabyuscrewsfrl 9,1:I 5;

Each standard I8 comprises a main body part I8 and a top cap member I 8bsecured to the body I3a by screws 20, 20. The part I8a of each standardis in the form of a rectangular wood block'which may readily `be formedfrom boards of suitable width and thickness. The block I8a of eachstandard is formed with four vertical transverse slots I8 I8c to supportheddle bars 2i, 2| which are preferably in the form of straight bars ofmetal tted at both ends with grips 422, 22 in the form of sections ofrubber tubing which are pressed over the ends of the bars andfrictionally held thereon. The grips 22 serve the additional function ofholding the heddle bars against endwise displacement from the slots ofthe standards I8. The upper ends of the slots I8c are closed by the capsI8b as shown in Fig. 2.

Each of the standards I 8 is formed with a deep slot I8d disposedbetween and parallel to the lateral faces of the standards, such slotsI8d being provided to receive in each standard a heddle bar holder 23which is formed with a series of upstanding iingers 24, 24 and which ispivotally supported at its lower rear corner on a pin 25 extendingtransversely through the standard I8. A block 26 of rubber or the likeis cemented in the groove I8d to support the lower front corner of theholder 23 land serves to cushion and quiet the action of the holder whenit falls under the action of gravity, as will later be explained.

The holder 23 is preferably stamped from a metal sheet or plate to givethe ngers 24, 24 the form shown in Fig. 3. Each of four of the saidfingers is formed with a top edge or surface 24a adapted to support oneend of a. heddle bar when the latter is in raised position and is alsoformed with a front edgey or surface Zlib which is disposed as shown inFig. 3 to be engaged by the top rear corner of the heddle bar when it israised from its lower position to its upper position and bysuchengagement effect a backward swinging movement of the holder 23 onits pivot pin 25. When the holder 23 is thus swung backward by thelifting of any one or more of the heddle bars the finger surfaces 2:1aare moved from beneath any heddle bars in raised position and the latterbars are permitted to drop into the slots between the fingers 24. Thefifth or front nger of the support 23 extends forward from the standardI8 so that it can be engaged by the thumb or finger of the weaver tolift the holder 23 and release all heddle bars in the raised positionand permit them to fall to their lower positions,

The front portion of the loom frame structure comprising beam 5, sidebars 6, 6 and standards I8, I 8 is strengthened by a cross rod 2l and across bar 28 which connect standards I8 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Bar28 is secured by removable screws 29 and can readily be detached ifdesired when the warp thread is being wound upon the frame. The upperedge of bar 28 is slotted at 28a to receive and support a card bearingthe design or notations yof the pattern to be woven.

In the loom illustrated each of the heddle bars 2l is fitted with aheddle cord 35 which is knotted at 38a, 30a to form a series of loops35h, 3;!ib which loosely surround the heddle bar and a series ofdepending loops 35, 32C, each of which passes under a Warp thread w andserves to lift the latter when the heddle bar is raised. See FigsA 2 and6.

The numeral 3| indicates as an entirety a commned beater and comb whichcomprises a rectan CII gular frame structure 32 preferably formed ofWood and a comb 33 mounted therein, the comb preferably being formed inone piece from compressed sheet fiber material. The top bar 32a of theframe 32 is removably secured to the remainder of the frame by pins 34.When the device is used as a reed or beater the bar 32a is attached tothe frame, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but'by removing said 4bar 32a theends of the comb teeth are exposed and the device is adapted to be usedas a comb to facilitate the winding and even spacing of the warp threadupon the frame of the loom. To accomplish this latter operation thebeater is clamped to the cloth beam 5 by means of thumb nuts or bolts 35carried by the beam, the bottom bar of the frame 32 being formed withnotches 32lo adapted to iit over the bolts 35 and suitably locate thebeater. When the beater has thus been clamped in position its top bar32a is detached to expose the upper, free ends of the teeth of the combso that the warp thread, when wound around the frame of the loom (asindicated in Fig. 2), can have its successive turns disposed in thesuccessive slots of the comb and so be, evenly spaced across the frame.After the winding of the warp thread has been completed, the bar 32a isagain attached to the beater frame and the beater is detached from thecross bar 5 and is thus rendered free to function as a beater.

The operation of the loom will readily be understood without extendedexplanation. When the loomis to be set up to weave a particular articlethe length .of the rectangular frame of the loom is rst adjusted, ifneed be, to provide for the desired length of the article, .bearing inmind that its maximum length is the lengthwise distance around the loomframe. Adjustment is facilitated if the frame is rst collapsed to aslightly shorter size than is desired and then extended to the desiredsize by manipulation of wing nuts I5, the scales 3c making it easy toadjust the two sides of the frame to equal lengths. This finaladjustment may advantageously be made after the warp has been Wound uponthe frame, as hereinafter indicated, so as to effect the desiredtensioning of the warp. It will be observed that adjustment of thelength of the loom frame does not change the distance. between the frontbeam and the heddle bars since the heddle bar standards I8 are fixed inrelation to said beam. Hence, with any adjustment the operator caneasily reach and manipulate the heddle bars.

Next the heddle bars 2| are removed from the frame. This is accomplishedby moving the bars endwise through the slots I2c of the standards I8,such movement serving to engage the grips 22 at one side of the loomagainst the adjacent standard to force said grips olf their respectivebars. Cross bar 28 may also be removed from the frame if desired tofacilitate winding the warp upon frame I. Next, the beater is clamped tothe front beam 5 and its bar 32a is detached so that the slots of thecomb 33 can receive the warp thread. The warp thread is now Woundcontinuously around the loom frame, starting at or near one side thereofand with the successive turns of the thread in the successive slots ofthe comb so that the warp is distributed evenly across the frame. Thetransverse point at which the winding of the warp thread is started willdepend upon the width of the cloth to be woven. The graduated scales IBand ITI, as will readily be understood, facilitatethe winding of thewarp ygreater length. l

The heddle bars may now be replaced with their respective heddle cordsmounted thereon in accordance with the pattern to be woven. Assuming,for example, that the cord of the first (front) heddle bar is to liftevery fourth thread or turn of the warp, the cord is stretched outacross the frame beneath the top flight of the Warp and the heddle baris inserted `through its slot in one of the standards I8 and threadedthrough the successive loops 39h of the cord so that it loops 30C willengage every fourth thread of the warp. Then the leading end of theheddle bar is passed through its slot in the other standard I8 and itsgrip 22 replaced. The remaining f heddle bars are assembled in acorresponding manner. Finally, the top bar-32a of the beater is restoredand the beater is detached from the front beam 5 and the loom is readyfor weaving.

In the weaving operation the shed is formed 'by manual lifting of one ormore of the heddle bars. The operator, by placing a iinger beneath theend ofeach bar to be lifted can easily lift both ends of any one Orvmore of the bars simultaneously. When one or more of the heddle barsare so lifted the holders 23 are moved automatically, as previouslydescribed, so as to release the bar or bars which had been Ilifted toform the last preceding shed. If it is desirable at any time to lowerall of the heddle bars, the operator needs only to lift the frontfingers 24 of the two holders 23 and this allows any elevated heddlebars to fall.

It will now be apparent that a loom such as has been described, becauseof its simple construction, can have its parts formed and assembled atlow cost and, for the same reason, can easily and rapidly be manipulatedin threading the loom and preparing it for a particular piece vofweaving. Furthermore, its improved features of construction make theloom susceptible of easy operation at good speed to produce Aa Widevariety of work of excellent quality. j

In the present application I make no claim to the heddle harnesscomprising the heddle bars and devices for controlling their positionsin the shed forming operation during weaving, as these parts of theapparatus are claimed in my earlier filed application previouslyreferred to.

While the .constructionV illustrated and 'de scribed is such as Iprefer, it is to be understood that my invention can be carriedout withother forms of construction within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a loom, the combination of a frame structure having a cloth beam,Iside bars attached to and extending rearward from the end parts of thecloth beam, heddle bar standards rigidly mounted on said side bars, aWarp beam, side bars attached to and extending forward from the endparts of the warp beam and having slidably adjustable engagement withthe side bars of the cloth beam to permit variation of the length of theframe and of the cloth to be woven,

clamping means for holding the mutually engaging bars of each of the twopairs of side bars of the frame in adjusted position comprising atransverse strut .bar having its ends engaging the inner side bars ofthe two pairs thereof, a transverse tension rod carried by the side barsof the cloth beam in xed relation to said beam and adjacent to the strutbar, and means associated with the ends of the tension rod for engagingthe outer side bar of each pair of bars to apply tension to the rod andclamp the mutually engaging side bars of each side of the frame againstthe adjacent end of the strut bar; and manually `operable shed-formingheddle bars mounted on said standards of the frame to cooperate withwarp threads supported by the warp and cloth beams. f

2. In a loom, the combination of a frame structure having a cloth beam,side bars attached to and extending rearward from the end parts of thecloth beam, heddle bar standards rigidly mounted on the said side bars,`a warp beam, side bars attached to and extending forward from the endparts of the Warp beam and having slidably adjustable engagement withthe side bars of the cloth beam to permit variation of the length of theframe and of the cloth to be woven, clamping means for holding themutually engaging bars of the frame in adjusted positions; means forfacilitating the adjustment of the two sides of the frame to equallengths comprising measuring scales disposed on the forward extendingside bars adjacent to the side bars attached to the cloth beam, a pairof threaded rods respectively secured at their rear ends to the endparts of the warp beam and having their front parts telescopicallyengaging with the adjacent side bars of the cloth beam and nuts on thethreaded rods to engage the last named side bars, whereby the two sidesof the rectangular frame can be nicely adjusted with respect to themeasuring scales byl manipulation of the said nuts; and manuallyoperable shed-forming hed-y dle bars mounted on the said standards ofthe MILO O. GALLDTGER.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent NC. 2,27LL,526. v February 2li, 19m.

MILO O. GALLINGER.

It is herebyv certified that error appears 4in the Iabove numberedpatent requiring correction as follows: In the grant, lines 2 and 12,and in the heading to the printed specification, line LL, name ofassignee, for "J. Roberts Crouse" read J. Robert Crouse", as shownby therecord of assignments in this office; page 5, first column, line 17, for"it" read ,its; and that the said Letters Patent should be read withthis correction therein that the same may'r conform to the record of thecase in the Patent Office.

signed and sealed this" 21st day of April, A. D. 19LL2.

. 4 Henrjr 'Van' Arsdal e (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

